![]() ![]() Kimmel notes that "Trump is an interesting character because he channels all that sense of what I called 'aggrieved entitlement,'" a term Kimmel defines as "that sense that those benefits to which you believed yourself entitled have been snatched away from you by unseen forces larger and more powerful. And the emotion is righteous indignation that the government is screwing 'us'". ![]() Writing for the Routledge Handbook of Global Populism (2019), Olivier Jutel claims, "What Donald Trump reveals is that the various iterations of right-wing American populism have less to do with a programmatic social conservatism or libertarian economics than with enjoyment." Referring to the populism of Trump, sociologist Michael Kimmel states that it "is not a theory an ideology, it's an emotion. And people can try and draw lines between the dots of his decisions. Former National Security Advisor and close Trump advisor John Bolton states this is true of Trump, disputing that Trumpism even exists in any meaningful philosophical sense, adding that "he man does not have a philosophy. As a political method, populism is not driven by any particular ideology. These inclinations are refracted into such policy preferences as immigration restrictionism, trade protectionism, isolationism, and opposition to entitlement reform. For many scholars, it denotes a populist political method that suggests nationalistic answers to political, economic, and social problems. Trumpism started its development predominantly during Trump's 2016 presidential campaign. The label Trumpism has been applied to national-conservative and national-populist movements in other Western democracies, and many politicians outside of the United States have been labeled as staunch allies of Trump or Trumpism, or even as their country's equivalent to Trump, by various news agencies among them are Silvio Berlusconi, Jair Bolsonaro, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Nigel Farage, Shinzo Abe, Hong Joon-pyo, Viktor Orbán, and Yoon Suk-yeol. Some historians, including many of those using a new fascism classification, write of the hazards of direct comparisons with European fascist regimes of the 1930s, stating that while there are parallels, there are also important dissimilarities. Others have more mildly identified it as a specific lite version of fascism in the United States. Some commentators have rejected the populist designation for Trumpism and view it instead as part of a trend towards a new form of fascism or neo-fascism, with some referring to it as explicitly fascist and others as authoritarian and illiberal. Some Republicans became members of the Never Trump movement, with several leaving the party in protest of Trump's ascendancy. Though not strictly limited to any one party, Trump supporters became the largest faction of the Republican Party in the United States, with the remainder often characterized as "the elite" or "the establishment" in contrast. ![]() The precise composition of Trumpism is contentious and is sufficiently complex to overwhelm any single framework of analysis it has been referred to as an American political variant of the far right and the national-populist and neo-nationalist sentiment seen in multiple nations worldwide from the late 2010s to the early 2020s. Trumpists and Trumpian are terms used to refer to those exhibiting characteristics of Trumpism. Trumpism is the political ideologies, social emotions, style of governance, political movement, and set of mechanisms for acquiring and keeping control of power associated with Donald Trump and his political base. ![]()
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